Nekuenderera mberi nekuvandudzika kwehunyanzvi hwekumisa satellite, tekinoroji yekumisikidza yakakwirira yakashandiswa kune ese ehupenyu hupenyu hwemazuva ano, sekuongorora uye mepu, kurima chaiko, uav, kutyaira zvisina kurongwa uye mamwe minda, yakakwirira-chaiyo yekumisa tekinoroji. inogona kuonekwa kwose kwose.Kunyanya, nekupedzwa kwetiweki yechizvarwa chitsva cheBeidou navigation satellite system uye kuuya kwe5G era, kuenderera mberi kweBeidou +5G kunotarisirwa kukurudzira kushandiswa kwepamusoro-chaiyo yekuisa tekinoroji muminda yekuronga nhandare yendege. , kuongorora marobhoti, kutarisa kwemotokari, manejimendi manejimendi uye mamwe minda.Kuzadzikiswa kwehunyanzvi hwekumisikidza tekinoroji hakuparadzaniswe nerutsigiro rweyepamusoro antenna, yakakwira precision algorithm uye yakakwirira precision board kadhi.Iri bepa rinonyanya kuunza kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kweiyo antenna chaiyo, chimiro chehunyanzvi uye zvichingodaro.

1. Kuvandudza uye kushandiswa kweGNSS yakakwirira-chaiyo antenna

1.1 High-chaiyo antenna

MuMUNDA weGNSS, antenna yakakwirira-chaiyo imhando yeantenna ine zvakakosha zvinodiwa pakugadzikana kweiyo antenna chikamu chepakati.Inowanzo kusanganiswa nepamusoro-chaiyo bhodhi kuti uone iyo yepamusoro-chaiyo chinzvimbo checentimita-level kana millimeter-level.Mukugadzirwa kweyepamusoro-chaiyo antenna, kazhinji pane zvakakosha zvinodiwa kune zvinotevera zviratidzo: antenna danda upamhi, yakaderera kukwirira kukwira, kusiri-kutenderera, roll inodonha coefficient, kumberi uye kumashure ratio, anti-multipath kugona, nezvimwe. Izvi zviratidzo zvicha zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga zvinokanganisa chikamu chepakati kugadzikana kweantenna, uye wobva wakanganisa iko kurongeka.

1.2 Kushandiswa uye kuiswa kwepamusoro-chaiyo antenna

Iyo yekumusoro-chaiyo GNSS antenna yakatanga kushandiswa mumunda wekuongorora uye mepu kuti iwane static millimeter-level yekumisikidza kwayo mukuita kweinjiniya kukwirisa, topographic mepu uye akasiyana ongororo yekudzora.Iine yakakwirira chaiyo yekumisikidza tekinoroji ichiwedzera kukura, iyo antenna yekururamisa inoiswa zvishoma nezvishoma mundima dzakawanda uye dzakawanda, kusanganisira kuenderera mberi kwekushandisa referensi chiteshi, deformation yekutarisa, kutarisa kwekudengenyeka kwepasi, kuyerwa kwekuongorora uye mepu, isina kufambisa mota dzemuchadenga (uavs), nzvimbo dzechokwadi. kurima, otomatiki kutyaira, kutyaira bvunzo kutyaira, mainjiniya einjiniya nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeindasitiri, mune akasiyana maapplication kune index inodiwa yeantenna zvakare ine mutsauko uri pachena.

1.2.1 CORS system, deformation monitoring, seismic monitoring - reference station antenna

Yakanyanya kurongeka antenna yakashandisa inoenderera mberi mashandiro ereferenzi chiteshi, kuburikidza nekutarisa kwenguva refu kweruzivo rwenzvimbo, uye kuburikidza neiyo data yekukurukurirana system mune chaiyo nguva yekutarisa kuendesa data kunzvimbo yekudzora, iko kukanganisa kwenzvimbo yakaverengerwa yekudzora nzvimbo mushure mekururamisa paramita kusimudzira sisitimu yevhu, uye nyeredzi mune waas inosimudzira sisitimu, nezvimwewo, kutumira mhosho meseji kune rover (mutengi), Chekupedzisira, mushandisi anogona kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana rwekubatanidza [1].

Mukushandiswa kwekutarisa kwedeformation, kutarisa kwekudengenyeka kwenyika uye zvichingodaro, nekuda kwekuda kunyatsoongorora kuwanda kweiyo deformation, kuona kudiki deformation, kuitira kufanotaura kuitika kwenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga.

Naizvozvo, mukugadzirwa kweyepamusoro-chaiyo antenna yemashandisirwo akadai sekuenderera mberi kwekuita referensi chiteshi, deformation yekutarisa uye seismic yekutarisa, yekutanga kutarisisa kunofanirwa kuve kwayo kwakanakisa chikamu chepakati kugadzikana uye anti-multipath kukanganisa kugona, kuitira kupa chaiyo-nguva chaiyo. Ruzivo rwechinzvimbo kune akasiyana masisitimu akakwenenzverwa.Uye zvakare, kuti upe akawanda setiraiti kururamisa paramita sezvinobvira, iyo antenna inofanirwa kugamuchira akawanda setiraiti sezvinobvira, ina system yakazara frequency bhendi yave yakajairwa kumisikidzwa.Mune rudzi urwu rwekushandisa, referensi station antenna (reference station antenna) inovhara bhendi rese remasystem mana inowanzo shandiswa seyekutarisa antenna yehurongwa.

1.2.2 Kuongorora uye mepu - Yakavakirwa-mukati yekuongorora antenna

Mundima yekuongorora uye mepu, zvinodikanwa kugadzira yakavakirwa-mukati yekuongorora antenna iri nyore kubatanidza.Iyo antenna inowanzo vakwa pamusoro peiyo RTK inogamuchira kuti iwane chaiyo-nguva uye yakakwirira chaiyo chinzvimbo mumunda wekuongorora uye mepu.

Yakavakirwa-mukati yekuyera antenna kufukidzwa mukutarisisa kukuru mukugadzirwa kwe frequency kugadzikana, kufukidzwa kwedanda, chikamu chepakati, saizi yeantenna, nezvimwewo, kunyanya nekushandiswa kwenetiweki RTK, yakabatanidzwa ne4 g, bluetooth, WiFi yese netcom yakavakwa- mukuyera antenna zvishoma nezvishoma inotora chikamu chikuru chemusika, kubvira payakatangwa muna 2016 nevazhinji vevagadziri veRTK vanogamuchira, Yakashandiswa zvakanyanya uye nekusimudzirwa.

1.2.3 Muedzo wekutyaira uye kudzidziswa kutyaira, kutyaira usina munhu - kunze kwekuyera antenna

Iyo yechinyakare yekutyaira bvunzo system ine zvakawanda zvakaipira, senge hombe yekuisa mutengo, yakakwira mashandiro uye mutengo wekugadzirisa, hukuru hwekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza, kushomeka kwechokwadi, etc. Mushure mekushandiswa kweyepamusoro-chaiyo antenna mukutyaira bvunzo system, sisitimu inoshanduka kubva mukuongororwa kwemaoko. kune hungwaru kuongororwa, uye kurongeka kwekuongorora kwakakwira, izvo zvinoderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wevanhu uye wezvinhu wekutyaira bvunzo.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nzira yekutyaira isina munhu yakavamba nokukurumidza.Mukutyaira kusingaite, tekinoroji yekumisikidza yeRTK yakakwirira chaiyo yekumisikidza uye inertial navigation yakasanganiswa yekumisikidzwa inowanzo gamuchirwa, iyo inogona kuwana yakakwirira chinzvimbo chechokwadi munzvimbo zhinji.

Muyedzo yekutyaira yekutyaira, senge isina kurongwa masisitimu, kazhinji antenna inoyerwa neiyo yekunze fomu, kudiwa kwekushanda frequency, multi-frequency antenna ine akawanda system inogona kuwana yakakwira chinzvimbo, chiratidzo chemultipath chine imwe inhibition, uye yakanaka nharaunda. kuchinjika, inogona kushandiswa kwenguva refu munzvimbo yekunze pasina kukundikana.

1.2.4 UAV - High-precision uav antenna

Mumakore achangopfuura, iyo uav indasitiri yakakura nekukurumidza.Uav yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukuchengetedza chirimwa chekurima, kuongorora uye mepu, tambo yemagetsi patrol uye zvimwe zviitiko.Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, inongoshongedzerwa nepamusoro-chaiyo antenna inogona kuve nechokwadi chechokwadi, kunyatsoita uye kuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro akasiyana.Nekuda kwehunhu hwekumhanya kwakanyanya, kuremerwa uye kutsungirira kupfupi kweuav, dhizaini yeuav yakakwira-chaiyo antenna inonyanya kutarisisa huremu, saizi, mashandisiro emagetsi uye zvimwe zvinhu, uye inoziva dhizaini yebroadband kusvika pazvinogoneka pachisimbiso chekuona. uremu uye saizi.

2, GNSS antenna tekinoroji mamiriro kumba nekune dzimwe nyika

2.1 Chimiro chazvino chekunze kwepamusoro-chaiyo antenna tekinoroji

Tsvagiridzo yekune dzimwe nyika pane yakakwirira-chaiyo antenna yakatanga kare, uye nhevedzano yemhando yepamusoro-chaiyo antenna zvigadzirwa zvine kuita kwakanaka zvakagadziridzwa, senge GNSS 750 yakatevedzana yakavhunga antenna yeNoVatel, Zepryr akatevedzana antenna yeTrimble, Leica AR25 antenna, nezvimwewo, pakati izvo kune akawanda antenna mafomu ane hukuru hwekuvandudza kukosha.Naizvozvo, munguva yakapfuura kwenguva yakareba, musika weChina wepamusoro-chaiyo antenna uri kunze kwehutongi hwezvigadzirwa zvekunze.Nekudaro, mumakore gumi achangopfuura, nekukwira kwenhamba huru yevagadziri vepamba, yekunze GNSS yakakwira-chaiyo antenna kuita hakuna zvakunobatsira, asi vagadziri vepamba-chakanyanya-chaizvo vakatanga kuwedzera musika kune dzimwe nyika.

Pamusoro pezvo, vamwe vagadziri vatsva veGNSS antenna vakagadzirawo mumakore achangopfuura, akadai saMaxtena, Tallysman, nezvimwewo, vane zvigadzirwa zvakanyanya madiki eGNSS antenna anoshandiswa uav, mota uye mamwe masisitimu.Iyo antenna fomu inowanzoita microstrip antenna ine yakakwira dielectric isingachinjiki kana mana-arm spiral antenna.Mune iyi mhando yeantenna dhizaini tekinoroji, vagadziri vekunze havana mukana, zvigadzirwa zvepamba uye zvekunze zviri kupinda munguva yemakwikwi ehomogeneous.

2.2 Yazvino mamiriro epamba-yakanyanya-chaiyo antenna tekinoroji

Mumakore gumi apfuura, akati wandei epamba-yakanyanya-chaiyo antenna vagadziri vakatanga kukura uye degadzira, senge Huaxin Antenna, Zhonghaida, Dingyao, Jiali Electronics, nezvimwewo, iyo yakagadzira nhevedzano yemhando yepamusoro-chaiyo antenna zvigadzirwa zvine yakazvimirira kodzero yepfuma.

Semuyenzaniso, mumunda wereferensi chiteshi antenna uye yakavakirwa-mukati kuyerwa antenna, HUaxin's 3D choke antenna uye yakazara-netcom yakasanganiswa antenna haingosviki padanho rinotungamira repasi rose rekuita, asi zvakare inosangana nezvinodiwa zveyakasiyana siyana mashandisirwo ezvakatipoteredza ane kuvimbika kwakanyanya, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa uye kuderera kwakanyanya kwekutadza.

Muindasitiri yemotokari, uav uye mamwe maindasitiri, tekinoroji yedhizaini yekunze yekuyera antenna uye mana-arm spiral antenna yanga yakakura, uye yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwekutyaira bvunzo system, kutyaira zvisina kurongwa, uav uye mamwe maindasitiri. uye yakawana zvikomborero zvakanaka zvehupfumi nemagariro evanhu.

3. Mamiriro azvino uye tarisiro yemusika weGNSS antenna

Muna 2018, kukosha kwese kwakabuda kweChina's satellite navigation uye indasitiri yebasa renzvimbo yakasvika 301.6 bhiriyoni YUAN, yakakwira 18.3% kana ichienzaniswa ne2017 [2], uye ichasvika 400 bhiriyoni yuan muna 2020;Muna 2019, kukosha kwese kwemusika wepasirese satellite navigation yaive 150 bhiriyoni euros, uye nhamba yevashandisi veGNSS terminal yakasvika mabhiriyoni matanhatu nemazana mana.Indasitiri yeGNSS nderimwe remaindasitiri mashoma amisa kuderera kwehupfumi hwenyika.Sangano reEuropean GNSS Agency rinofanotaura kuti musika wepasirese wekufambisa satellite uchapeta kusvika pamabhiriyoni mazana matatu emaeuro mumakore gumi anotevera, nehuwandu hwenzvimbo dzeGNSS huchiwedzera kusvika pamabhiriyoni mapfumbamwe nemazana mashanu.

Global satellite navigation musika, inoiswa kumigwagwa yemigwagwa, mota dzemuchadenga dzisina kufambiswa munzvimbo dzakaita semichina yekumisa iri mumakore gumi anotevera chikamu chiri kukurumidza kukurumidza chemusika: hungwaru, mota isina kurongeka ndiyo nzira huru yekusimudzira, yeramangwana mugwagwa wemotokari inomhanyisa kugona kutyaira. yemota inofanirwa kunge yakashongedzerwa neGNSS antenna ine yakanyanya kurongeka, saka iyo yakakura musika kudiwa kweGNSS antenna otomatiki kutyaira.Nekuenderera mberi nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwekurima kweChina, kushandiswa kweuav yakashongedzerwa nepamusoro-chaiyo yekumisikidza antenna, senge yekudzivirira chirimwa uav, icharamba ichiwedzera.

4. Kuvandudza maitiro eGNSS yakakwirira-chaiyo antenna

Mushure memakore ebudiriro, akasiyana matekinoroji eGNSS yakakwira-chaiyo antenna anga akura, asi pachine nzira dzakawanda dzekutyorwa:

1. Miniaturization: Iyo miniaturization yemidziyo yemagetsi inzira yekusimudzira isingaperi, kunyanya mumashandisirwo akadai seuav uye handheld, kudiwa kwediki-saizi antenna kunonyanya kukurumidza.Nekudaro, kuita kweiyo antenna kuchaderedzwa mushure meiyo miniaturization.Maitiro ekudzikisa saizi yeantenna uchive nechokwadi chekuita kwakazara kwakakosha kutsvagisa kutungamira kweiyo yepamusoro-chaiyo antenna.

2. Tekinoroji yeAnti-multipath: Tekinoroji yeAnti-multipath yeGNSS antenna inonyanya kusanganisira tekinoroji yecoil [3], artificial electromagnetic material technology [4][5], zvichingodaro. Zvisineyi, zvese zvine zvazvaikanganisa sehukuru hukuru, bhendi nhete. hupamhi uye mutengo wakakwira, uye haugone kuwana dhizaini yepasirese.Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kudzidza iyo anti-multipath tekinoroji ine hunhu hwe miniaturization uye Broadband kuti isangane neyakasiyana maapplication zvinodiwa.

3. Multi-function: Mazuva ano, kunze kweGNSS antenna, inopfuura imwe yekutaurirana antenna inosanganiswa mune zvakasiyana-siyana.Masisitimu ekutaurirana akasiyana anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakasiyana kwechiratidzo kuGNSS antenna, zvichikanganisa kugamuchirwa setiraiti.Naizvozvo, iyo yakabatanidzwa dhizaini yeGNSS antenna uye antenna yekutaurirana inowanikwa kuburikidza neakawanda-basa kubatanidzwa, uye kupindirana pakati peantenna kunotariswa panguva yekugadzira, iyo inogona kuvandudza dhigirii rekubatanidza, kuvandudza hunhu hwemagetsi uye kugadzirisa mashandiro emagetsi. muchina wose.