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Remangwana re5G kubva pamaonero evashandisi 'kuunganidzwa kwekutora: Kuenderera mberi kwekushanduka kweese-bhendi akawanda-antenna tekinoroji.

Sekureva kweBazi reMaindasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji, pakupera kwaChikumi gore rino, 961,000 5G base stations dzave kuvakwa, 365 miriyoni 5G nharembozha terminals dzakabatana, inoverengera inopfuura 80 muzana yehuwandu hwenyika, uye pakanga paine zvimwe. kupfuura 10,000 5G application innovation kesi muChina.

Kubudirira kweChina 5G kunokurumidza, asi hakuna kukwana.Munguva ichangopfuura, kuitira kuvaka network ye5G ine ruzivo rwakakura uye rwakadzika, China Telecom neChina Unicom vakabatana vakawana 240,000 2.1g 5G base stations, uye China Mobile neredhiyo neterevhizheni zvakabatanidzwa zvakawana 480,000 700M 5G zviteshi zvekutanga, nehuwandu hwekudyara kwe58. mabhiriyoni yuan.

Indasitiri inoteerera zvakanyanya kugova rekubhidha kwevagadziri vepamba nevekunze, uye isu tinowana maitiro ekusimudzira e5G kubva kune aya maviri akanyanya kutenga.Vashandi havangotarisi chete kune ruzivo rwemushandisi senge 5G network simba uye kumhanya, asi zvakare teerera kune 5G network kufukidzwa uye yakaderera simba rekushandisa.

5G yave ichitengeswa kweanenge makore maviri uye inotarisirwa kusvika 1.7 miriyoni pakupera kwegore rino, nemamiriyoni akati wandei mamwe 5G base zviteshi zvichavakwa mumakore anotevera (kune 6 miriyoni 4G base zviteshi muChina nezvimwe. 5G kuuya).

Saka 5G ichaenda kupi kubva muhafu yechipiri ye2021?Vashandi vanovaka sei 5G?Munyori anowana dzimwe mhinduro dzisina kufuratirwa kubva mukudiwa kwekutenga pamwe chete uye yakanyanya kutema-kumucheto 5G tekinoroji mutyairi munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

1, kana iine zvimwe zvakanakira mu5G network kuvaka

Nekudzika kwekutengesa kwe5G uye kuvandudzwa kwe5G yekupinda kwehuwandu, nharembozha yekufambisa iri kuwedzera zvakanyanya, uye vanhu vachave nepamusoro uye yakakwirira zvinodiwa pakukurumidza uye kuvhara kwe5G network.Dhata kubva kuITU nemamwe masangano anoratidza kuti panosvika 2025, China's 5G mushandisi DOU ichakura kubva pa15GB kusvika 100GB (26GB pasi rose), uye nhamba ye5G yekubatanidza ichasvika 2.6 bhiriyoni.

Maitiro ekusangana neramangwana 5G inodiwa uye zvinobudirira uye zvakachipa kuvaka yakakwirira-yemhando 5G network ine kuvharika kwakakura, kukurumidza kukurumidza uye maonero akanaka rave dambudziko rekukurumidzira kune vanoshanda panguva ino.Chii chinofanira kuita vatakuri?

Ngatitange nebhendi rinonyanya kukosha.Mune ramangwana, mabhendi akaderera akadai se700M, 800M uye 900M, mabhendi epakati epakati akadai se1.8G, 2.1g, 2.6G uye 3.5g, uye mabhendi epamusoro emamilimita achakwidziridzwa kusvika ku5G.Asi chinotevera, vashandisi vanofanirwa kufunga kuti ndeipi spectrum inogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevashandisi ve5G ikozvino.

Kutanga tarisa pane yakaderera frequency.Low frequency band masaini ane nani kupinda, zvakanakira mukuvhara, yakaderera network kuvaka uye kugadzirisa mutengo, uye vamwe vashandisi vakapfuma mu frequency band zviwanikwa, izvo zvakaringana muchikamu chekutanga chekuvaka network.

Vashandi vanotumira 5G mumabhendi epasi-frequency vanosanganawo nematambudziko ekukanganiswa kwakanyanya uye kunonoka kwetiweki kumhanya.Maererano nekuedzwa, kukurumidza kwe-low-band 5G inongova 1.8 nguva yakakurumidza kupfuura iyo ye 4G network ine imwechete yakaderera-bhendi, iyo ichiri muhuwandu hwemakumi eMbps.Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti ndiyo inononoka 5G network uye haigone kusangana nevashandisi zvinodiwa zve5G cognition uye ruzivo.

Nekuda kweiyo immature end industry chain ye low frequency band, maviri chete 800M 5G ekutengesa network akaburitswa pasirese pari zvino, nepo 900M 5G kushambadzira network haisati yaburitswa.Naizvozvo, kuchiri kukurumidza kurima 5G pa800M/900M.Zvinotarisirwa kuti indasitiri yeindasitiri inogona chete kupinda munzira chaiyo mushure me2024.

Uye millimeter mafungu.Vashandi vari kuendesa 5G mune yakakwira frequency millimeter wave, iyo inogona kuunza vashandisi kukurumidza kufambisa data, asi kureba kwekufambisa ipfupi, kana chinangwa chechikamu chinotevera chekuvaka.Izvi zvinoreva kuti vashandisi vanofanirwa kuvaka mamwe 5G base zviteshi uye kushandisa mari yakawanda.Zviripachena, kune vanoshanda padanho razvino, kunze kwekunge kunopisa kuvharika zvinodiwa, mamwe mamiriro haana kukodzera kuvaka yakakwira frequency bhendi.

Uye pakupedzisira spectrum.Vashandi vari kuvaka 5G mubhendi yepakati, iyo inogona kuendesa yakakwira data kumhanya uye yakawanda data huwandu kupfuura yakaderera spectrum.Kuenzaniswa neakakwira spectrum, inogona kudzikisa huwandu hwekuvakwa kwechiteshi uye kuderedza mutengo wekuvaka network yevashandisi.Zvakare, iyo maindasitiri ketani anongedzo senge terminal chip uye base chiteshi michina yakawedzera kukura.

Nokudaro, mumaonero emunyori, mumakore mashomanana anotevera, vashandi vacharamba vachitarisa pakuvakwa kwe5G base stations pakati pepakati, inowedzerwa nemamwe ma frequency bands.Nenzira iyi, vashandisi vanogona kuwana chiyero pakati pehupamhi hwekuvhara, mutengo uye huwandu.

Maererano neThe GSA, kune anopfuura 160 5G ekutengeserana network pasi rese, nepamusoro ina ari 3.5g network (123), 2.1G network (21), 2.6G network (14) uye 700M network (13).Kubva pamagumo ekuona, 3.5g + 2.1g terminal industry maturity ndeye 2 kusvika kumakore matatu ari mberi, kunyanya 2.1g terminal maturity yasvika 3.5 / 2.6g.

Mature maindasitiri ndiwo hwaro hwekubudirira kwekutengeserana kwe5G.Kubva pakuona uku, vashandi veChinese vanovaka 5G ne2.1g + 3.5g uye 700M + 2.6G network vane mukana wekutanga wekufambisa mumhizha mumakore anotevera.

2, FDD 8 t8r

Batsira vashandisi kukwirisa kukosha kwepakati frequency

Kuwedzera kune spectrum, akawanda antenna zvakare akakosha kusangana nekushanduka kwezvinodiwa zvevashandisi '5G network.Parizvino, 4T4R (mana ekufambisa antenna uye mana ekugamuchira antenna) uye mamwe base station antenna matekinoroji anowanzo shandiswa mu5G FDD network nevashandisi havachakwanisa kutarisana nematambudziko anounzwa nekukura kwetraffic nekungowedzera spectrum bandwidth.

Uyezve, sezvo vashandisi ve5G vachikura, vashandi vanofanira kuwedzera nhamba yezviteshi zvepasi kuti vatsigire hukuru hukuru, zvichiita kuti kuwedzere kupindira pakati pevashandisi.Iwo echinyakare 2T2R uye 4T4R antenna matekinoroji haatsigire kutungamira kwakaringana padanho remushandisi uye haigone kuwana danda chairo, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwekumhanya kwemushandisi.

Ndeupi rudzi rweakawanda-antenna tekinoroji inozobvumira vashandisi kuwana hupamhi hwe5G hwekuvharira uku vachifungawo zvinhu zvakaita se base chiteshi huwandu uye ruzivo rwemushandisi?Sezvatinoziva, kumhanya kwekutapurirana kwewireless network kunonyanya kuenderana nekushanda kwekutumira uye kugamuchira masaini pakati petiweki base chiteshi uye materminal zvishandiso senge mafoni akangwara, nepo multi-antenna tekinoroji inogona kupeta huwandu hwe base station (chaiyo danda zvichibva pa. akawanda-antenna anogona kudzora kupindira).

Naizvozvo, kukurumidza kukura kwe5G kunoda kuenderera mberi kwekushanduka kweFDD kusvika ku8T8R, Massive MIMO uye mamwe akawanda-antenna tekinoroji.Sekuona kwemunyori, 8T8R ichave iri ramangwana rekuvaka nhungamiro ye5GFDD network kuti iwane "zvese ruzivo uye yekuvhara" nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotevera.

Kutanga, kubva pachiyero chekutarisa, 3GPP yakagadziridzwa mune imwe neimwe vhezheni yeprotocol nekutariswa kwakazara kweantenna akawanda ekupedzisira.Iyo R17 vhezheni ichadzikisa kuomarara kwekupedzisira uye kuyedza terminal chiteshi chiteshi kuburikidza nechikamu ruzivo pakati pekumusoro nekudzika mabhendi eiyo base station.Iyo R18 vhezheni ichawedzera yakakwira-chaiyo coding.

Kuitwa kwezviyero izvi kunoda ingangoita 5G FDD base zviteshi kuve ne8T8R antenna tekinoroji.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo R15 neR16 maprotocol enguva ye5G yakavandudza zvakanyanya kuita kwavo uye kutsigirwa kwe2.1g hombe-bandwidth 2CC CA.Iwo maR17 neR18 maprotocol achafambisawo kuenderera mberi kweFDD Massive MIMO.

Chechipiri, kubva padanho rekuona, iyo 4R (mana ekugamuchira antenna) yemafoni akangwara uye mamwe materminal anogona kuburitsa huwandu hwe2.1g 8T8R base station, uye 4R iri kuve iyo yakajairwa yekumisikidzwa kwe5G nharembozha, inogona kushandira pamwe ne network kuti uwedzere kukosha kwema antenna akawanda.

Mune ramangwana, 6R/8R zviteshi zvakaiswa muindasitiri, uye tekinoroji yazvino yaonekwa: tekinoroji ye6-antenna yekumisikidza yakazadzikiswa mumuchina wekupedzisira, uye mainstream baseband 8R protocol stack yakatsigirwa mukati. iyo terminal baseband processor.

Bepa jena rakakodzera reChina Telecom neChina Unicom rinotarisa 5G 2.1g 4R senharembozha inosungirwa, inoda ese mafoni e5G FDD mumusika weChinese kutsigira Sub3GHz 4R.

Panyaya yevagadziri vekupedzisira, nhare dzepakati uye dzepamusoro-soro dzakatsigira 5G FDD yepakati-frequency 1.8/2.1g 4R, uye nhare dzepamusoro dze5G FDD dzichatsigira Sub 3GHz 4R, inova yakajairwa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, network uplink kugona ndiyo mukana mukuru weFDD 5G.Zvinoenderana nebvunzo, iyo uplink peak chiitiko che 2.1g hombe-bandwidth 2T (2 transmitting antennas) materminal yakapfuura iyo ye3.5g terminals.Zvinogona kufanotaurwa kuti, zvichitungamirwa nemakwikwi mumusika wekupedzisira uye kudiwa kwevashandisi, mamwe mafoni epamusoro-soro achatsigira uplink 2T mu2.1g bhendi mune ramangwana.

Chetatu, kubva pakuona kwechiitiko, 60% kusvika 70% yezvino kuyerera kwenharembozha kunobva mukati, asi inorema simende madziro mukati ndiyo inova chipingamupinyi chikuru chekunze kweAcer station kuwana kufukidzwa kwemukati.

2.1g 8T8R antenna tekinoroji ine simba rekupinda mukati uye inokwanisa kuwana indoor kufukidzwa kwezvivakwa zvekugara zvisina kudzika.Iyo yakakodzera kune yakaderera-latency masevhisi uye inopa vashandisi mamwe mabhenefiti mumakwikwi emangwana.Pamusoro pezvo, zvichienzaniswa neyechinyakare 4T4R sero, huwandu hwe8T8R sero hunowedzerwa ne70% uye kufukidzwa kunowedzerwa nekupfuura 4dB.

Chekupedzisira, kubva pamaonero ekushandisa uye kugadzirisa mutengo, kune rumwe rutivi, 8T8R antenna tekinoroji ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo kune ese ari maviri ekumusoro ekumusoro ekuvhara uye yekumaruwa downlink yekuvhara, nekuti ine mukana wekudzokorora uye haidi kutsiviwa mukati memakore gumi. mushure mekunge mushandisi aisa mari.

Kune rimwe divi, 2.1g 8T8R antenna tekinoroji inogona kuchengetedza 30% -40% yenhamba yemasaiti kana ichienzaniswa ne4T4R network kuvaka, uye inofungidzirwa kuti TCO inogona kuchengetedza kupfuura 30% mumakore manomwe.Kune vanoshanda, kudzikiswa kwenhamba yezviteshi zve5G zvinoreva kuti network inogona kuwana mashoma ekushandisa simba mune ramangwana, izvo zvakare zvinoenderana nechinangwa cheChina che "dual carbon".

Zvakakodzera kutaura kuti zviwanikwa zvedenga zveyezvino 5G base station ishoma, uye mumwe nemumwe anoshanda ane danda rimwe chete kana maviri muchikamu chimwe nechimwe.Iwo antenna anotsigira 8T8R antenna tekinoroji anogona kubatanidzwa mune 3G uye 4G antennas eiyo live network, kurerutsa zvakanyanya saiti uye kuchengetedza saiti rendi.

3, FDD 8T8R haisi dzidziso

Vashandi vakaiedza munzvimbo dzakawanda

FDD 8T8R akawanda-antenna tekinoroji yakaendeswa mukutengesa nevanopfuura makumi matatu vanoshanda pasirese.MuChina, vazhinji vashandisi venzvimbo vakapedzawo kutengeserana kwe8T8R uye vakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka.

Muna Chikumi gore rino, Xiamen Telecom neHuawei vakapedza kuvhurwa kwenyika yekutanga 4/5G dual-mode 2.1g 8T8R yakabatana innovation saiti.Kuburikidza nemuyedzo, zvinoonekwa kuti kudzika kwekuvhara kwe5G 2.1g 8T8R kunovandudzwa nekupfuura 4dB uye downlink simba inowedzerwa neanopfuura 50% kana ichienzaniswa neyechinyakare 4T4R.

Muna Chikunguru gore rino, China Unicom Research Institute neGuangzhou Unicom vakabatana maoko neHuawei kuti vapedze kuongororwa kweChina Unicom Group yekutanga 5G FDD 8T8R saiti muOutfield yeGuangzhou Biological Island.Zvichienderana neFDD 2.1g 40MHz bandwidth, kuyerwa kwemunda kwe8T8R kunovandudza kuvharika kwe5dB uye kugona kwesero nekusvika 70% kana zvichienzaniswa neyechinyakare 4T4R sero.