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Kukwidza nekudzika kweiyo 5G + indasitiri yeketani iri kushandisa simba, uye iyo Internet yezvinhu zvikumbiro zviri kuunza muchirimo.

Kukwidza nekudzika kweiyo 5G + indasitiri yeketani iri kuita nhamburiko dzekuunza kukurumidza kusimudzira kweInternet yezvinhu.

1.1 Munguva ye5G, zvakasiyana-siyana zveiot zvinogona kuitika

5G inovandudza mashandiro mumatatu akajairwa ekushandisa mamiriro.Zvinoenderana ne5G Vision chena bepa rakaburitswa neITU's International Telecommunication Union, 5G inotsanangura matatu akajairwa mamiriro ekushandisa, Iwo akakwidziridzwa Mobile Broadband (eMBB) sevhisi inokwidziridzwa kune yekutanga 4G Broadband sevhisi, iyo yekupedzisira Kuvimbika uye Low Latency. uRLLC) sevhisi yechiitiko chinoda mhinduro panguva yakakodzera, uye yakakura-yemuchina wekukurukurirana (mMTC) sevhisi yechiitiko chekuti nhamba huru yemidziyo yekutaurirana yakabatana.5G iri nani kupfuura iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya 4G network maererano nehuwandu hwepamusoro, hutano hwekubatanidza, kupera-ku-kuguma kunonoka uye zvimwe zviratidzo.Spectrum inoshanda inovandudzwa ne5-15 nguva, uye kushanda kwesimba uye kudhura kwemari kunovandudzwa nekanopfuura ka100.Pamusoro pekupfuura chizvarwa chekare chenharembozha yekutaurirana tekinoroji maererano nehuwandu hwekufambisa, huwandu hwekubatanidza, kunonoka, kushandiswa kwesimba uye zvimwe zviratidzo, shanduko ye5G era inotsigirwa zvakanyanya ne super performance zviratidzo, inotungamirwa neakananga bhizinesi mamiriro, kuitira kuti kupa kugona kweanosanganiswa masevhisi.

Iot yekubatanidza mamiriro akaoma uye akasiyana.Nzvimbo dzekupedzisira dzeInternet yeZvinhu zvinoratidzwa nehuwandu hukuru, kugovera kwakakura, hukuru hwakasiyana hwekupedzisira, uye mabasa akaomarara uye akasiyana.Zvinoenderana nemitengo yakasiyana yekutapurirana, mamiriro ekushandisa eInternet eZvinhu anogona kukamurwa kuita masevhisi ekupedzisira-akaderera anomiririrwa nehuchenjeri hwekuverenga mita, hungwaru mwenje wemugwagwa uye nehungwaru yekupaka, yepakati-yakaderera kumhanya masevhisi anomiririrwa nemidziyo inopfekeka, michina yePOS uye nehungwaru. logistics, uye masevhisi ekumhanya-mhanya anomiririrwa nekutyaira otomatiki, kurapwa kwenguva refu uye kuongororwa kwevhidhiyo.

Iyo 5G R16 yakajairwa inopa kufukidzwa kuzere kweakakwira - uye yakaderera-kumhanya masevhisi kune yakafara nzvimbo network.Takatarisana neakaomesesa ekushandisa mamiriro eInternet yezvinhu, maprotocol ekutaurirana akagamuchirwa zvakare akaomarara.Zvinoenderana neakasiyana ekufambisa madaro, isina waya network yekutapurirana mamiriro eInternet yezvinhu anogona kukamurwa kuita pedyo nemunda kutaurirana (NFC), LOCAL area network (LAN) uye wide area network (WIDE-area network).5G zviyero zvinoreva maitiro ehunyanzvi muWIDE area network (WAN).Muna Chikunguru 2020, iyo 5G R16 yakajairwa yakaomeswa nechando, iyo NB-iot yakajairwa yenzvimbo dzakaderera uye dzepakati nekumhanya yakasanganisirwa, uye Katsi 1 yakakurumidza kutsiva 2G/3G, nokudaro yakaona kuvandudzwa kwe5G yakazara-reti sevhisi.Nekuda kwekuderera kwekutapurirana mwero, NBIoT, Cat1 uye mamwe matekinoroji akakamurwa kuita yakaderera-simba wide Area Area network (LPWAN), iyo inogona kuona kureba-kure-wireless chiratidzo chekufambisa nekushomeka kwesimba.Iwo anonyanya kushandiswa mune yekupedzisira-yakaderera / yepakati-yakaderera-yakaderera sevhisi sevhisi senge yakangwara kuverenga mita, yakangwara mwenje yemumugwagwa uye nehungwaru hunopfeka michina.4G / 5G inzvimbo yakakwirira-yekureba-yekureba yekufambisa nzira, iyo inogona kushandiswa kumavhidhiyo kutarisa, telemedicine, kutyaira motokari uye mamwe maitiro epamusoro-soro emabhizimisi anoda nguva chaiyo-nguva.

1.2 Kumusoro kweInternet YeZvinhu module kuderedza mutengo & kudzika kwemvura application kusimudzira, Internet yeZvinhu indasitiri cheni

Iyo indasitiri yeindasitiri yeInternet yezvinhu inogona kukamurwa kuita zvidimbu zvina: yekuona layer, yekutakura layer, chikuva chikuva uye application layer.Muchidimbu, iyo Internet yezvinhu ndeyekuwedzera kweInternet.Pahwaro hwekutaurirana pakati pevanhu, Indaneti yeZvinhu inoisa zvakanyanya kusimba pakudyidzana pakati pevanhu nezvinhu uye pakati pezvinhu.Iyo yekuona layer ndiyo nheyo yedata yeInternet yezvinhu.Iyo inowana masaini eanalog kuburikidza nema sensors, obva aashandura kuita masaini edhijitari, uye pakupedzisira anoaendesa kune iyo application layer neiyo yekutakura layer.Iyo yekutapurirana layer inonyanya kuita basa rekugadzirisa uye kuendesa masaini anowanikwa nesensing layer, iyo inogona kukamurwa kuita wired transmission uye wireless transmission, pakati peiyo iyo isina waya yekutapurirana ndiyo huru nzira yekufambisa.Nzvimbo yepuratifomu ndiyo yekubatanidza, iyo isingangotarisi zvigadziriso zvekupedzisira pasi, asi inopawo ivhu rekuiswa kwezvikumbiro kumusoro.

Indasitiri cheni yakura & inokwira inodhura yezvinhu zvakaderedzwa, mitengo yemodule yakadzikira zvakanyanya.Wireless module inobatanidza chip, ndangariro uye zvimwe zvikamu, uye inopa yakajairwa interface kuti ione kutaurirana kana kuisa chinzvimbo cheiyo terminal, inova kiyi yekubatanidza iyo yekuona layer uye network layer.China, North America neEurope ndiwo matunhu matatu ane kudiwa kukuru kwemaserura ekutaurirana modules.Maererano neTechno Systems Research, kutumirwa kwepasi rose kwemafoni ekukurukurirana modules yeInternet yezvinhu zvichakura kusvika kumamiriyoni e313.2 mamiriyoni ne 2022. Mutengo we 2G / 3G / NB-iot modules wakaderedzwa zvikuru pasi pezvinhu zviviri zvekuwedzera kwekukura. iyo Internet yeZvinhu indasitiri cheni uye nekukurumidza maitiro ekutsiva machipisi akagadzirwa muChina, ayo akadzikisa mutengo wemamodule mabhizinesi.Kunyanya, iyo nB-iot module, muna 2017, mutengo wayo wakanga uchiri kuruboshwe nekurudyi kwe100 yuan, kupera kwe2018 kusvika ku22 yuan pazasi, 2019 mutengo wakafanana ne2G, kana kutoderera.Mutengo we5G modules unotarisirwa kudonha nekuda kwekukura kweketani yemaindasitiri, uye mutengo wepakati wezvigadzirwa zvakaita semachipisi ekumusoro uchadzikira nekuwedzera kwekutakura.

Zvikumbiro muzasi kweiyo maindasitiri cheni zviri kuwedzera kuwanda.Mushure memakore akati wandei ebudiriro, akawanda uye akawanda maapplication eInternet kubva papurani kuita chokwadi, sekugovaniswa kweiyo Yakagovaniswa bhasikoro rehupfumi, Yakagovaniswa pfuma yekuchaja, isina waya yekubhadhara mudziyo, isina waya gedhi, imba yakangwara, guta rakangwara, njere, simba, maindasitiri iot. zvikumbiro zvakaita semuchina usina kurongeka, robhoti, kucherechedzwa kwechikafu, kudiridza minda, kushandiswa kwekurima, Kutevera Mota, kutyaira zvine hungwaru uye imwe network yemotokari inofanirwa kushandiswa.Iyo boom muindasitiri yeiot inonyanya kufambiswa nekubuda kwemanyorerwo ezasi.

1.3 Hofori dzinowedzera mari yekusimudzira hupfumi hweInternet yezvinhu

Kubatana ndiko kutanga kweInternet yezvinhu.Kushandisa uye kubatana zvinosimudzira mumwe nemumwe uye iyo Internet yezvinhu inoramba ichikura.Kubatana pakati pemidziyo ndiyo yekutanga nzvimbo yeInternet yezvinhu.Materminal akasiyana akabatana, uye maapplication anogadzirwa.Zvishandiso zvakapfuma zvinokwezva vashandisi vazhinji uye mamwe maratidziro eInternet yezvinhu.

Sekureva kweiyo GSMA mushumo, huwandu hwepasi rose hweInternet yezvinhu zvinongedzo huchapeta kaviri kubva pamabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri muna 2019 kusvika pamabhiriyoni makumi maviri nematatu muna 2025. Kubva pachirongwa chegumi nematatu cheMakore mashanu, saizi yemusika weInternet yezvinhu muChina yave kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. .Zvinoenderana neInternet yeZvinhu White Paper (2020) yeChina Ruzivo uye Kukurukurirana Institute, huwandu hweInternet yeZvinhu zvekubatana muChina hwaive 3.63 bhiriyoni muna 2019, pakati peiyo nharembozha yeInternet yeZvinhu zvekubatanidza yakaverengera chikamu chikuru, ichikura kubva pa671 miriyoni. muna 2018 kusvika 1.03 bhiriyoni pakupera 2019. Pakazosvika 2025, nhamba iot kubatana muChina inotarisirwa kusvika 8.01 bhiriyoni, pamwe mukomboni pagore kukura mwero 14,1%.Pakazosvika 2020, chiyero cheindasitiri cheIndaneti yezvinhu muChina chakapfuura 1.7 trillion yuan, uye huwandu hwese hwemaindasitiri hweInternet Yezvinhu hwakachengeta mwero wepagore we20% panguva yechigumi nenhatu yeChirongwa cheMakore mashanu.

Huwandu hwekubatanidza iot huchapfuura huwandu hweasina-iot kubatana kekutanga muna 2020, uye iot application inogona kupinda munguva yekuputika.Tichitarisa kumashure padanho rekusimudzira reInternet nharembozha, chekutanga, huwandu hwekubatanidza mbozhanhare hwawana kukura kukuru, uye kubatana kwakaburitsa data rakakura, uye application yaputika.Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti muna 2011, kutumirwa kwemafoni akachenjera kwakapfuura kutumirwa kwePCS kekutanga.Kubva ipapo, kukurumidza kusimudzira kweInternet mobile kwakonzera kuputika kwemaapplication.Muna 2020, nhamba yeInternet Yezvinhu (IoT) yekubatanidza pasi rose yakapfuura nhamba yeasina-iot yekubatanidza kekutanga, maererano neshumo yekutevera kubva kuIoT Analytics.Zvinoenderana nemutemo, kushandiswa kweInternet kwezvinhu kungangounza kubuda.

Hofori dzakawedzera mari muInternet Yezvinhu kuti iwedzere kukurumidza kushambadzira kwekushandisa kwayo.PaHiLink Ecology Musangano muna Kurume 2019, Huawei akaisa zviri pamutemo zano re "1+8+N" kekutanga, ndokuzoteedzana akatangisa akasiyana emagetsi emagetsi senge smart wachi Watch GT 2, FreeBuds 3 isina waya mahedhifoni, kuti. zvishoma nezvishoma inopfumisa yayo IoT ecology.Musi waKubvumbi 17, 2021, mota yekutanga yakangwara ine Hongmeng OS, Alpha S, yakatangwa zviri pamutemo, zvinoreva kuti Huawei ichasanganisira mota dzakangwara mune yayo ecological dhizaini.Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Musi waChikumi 2, Huawei akatanga zviri pamutemo HarmonyOS 2.0, yakasarudzika IoT inoshanda system inobatanidza PCS, mahwendefa, mota, zvinopfekeka, nezvimwe.Kana iri Xiaomi, pakutanga kwa2019, Xiaomi yakazivisa kuvhurwa kwe "nharembozha x AIoT" mapatya-injini zano, uye yakasimudza zviri pamutemo AIoT kusvika padanho repamusoro rekuisa kukoshesa kwakaenzana pabhizinesi renharembozha.Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2020, Xiaomi yakazivisa zviri pamutemo kuti zano rayo remakore gumi anotevera raizokwidziridzwa kubva ku "nharembozha + AIOT" kuenda ku "nhare mbozha × AIOT".Xiaomi inoshandisa dhizaini yayo yakasiyana siyana kutyaira kushambadzira kwese zviitiko, kusanganisira zviitiko zvepamba, zviitiko zvemunhu uye AIoT hungwaru hupenyu maficha.

2 Iot pasi pemvura application combing

2.1 Akangwara akabatana mota: Tekinoroji miitiro yekumhara + rubatsiro rwemutemo, zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvinofambisa kukurumidza kusimudzira kweInternet yeMotokari.

Indasitiri yeInternet yeMotokari inonyanya kusanganisira vagadziri vemidziyo, vanopa masevhisi eTSP, vafambisi vezvekutaurirana, etc. Chinese mota networking industry kumusoro kwerwizi kunosanganisira RFID, sensor uye positioning chip zvikamu/vagadziri vemidziyo, senge yepakati inonyanya kusanganisira vanogadzira zvigadziriso zvemagetsi, auto. vagadziri nevagadziri vesoftware, kuzasi kunonyanya kuumbwa nemota kure kure service provider (TSP), ivo vanopa masevhisi emukati, vafambisi venhare uye system yekubatanidza mutengesi.

TSP service provider ndiyo musimboti weInternet yeMotokari indasitiri chain.A terminal mudziyo mugadziri anopa mudziyo rutsigiro kune TSP;mupi webasa remukati anopa zvinyorwa, mufananidzo, uye multimedia ruzivo rweTSP;nharembozha yekutaurirana inopa rutsigiro rwetiweki yeTSP;uye yekubatanidza system inotenga inodiwa hardware yeTSP.

5G C-V2X pakupedzisira yave pasi, ichigonesa iyo Internet yemota.V2X (motokari) isina waya yekutaurirana tekinoroji ndiyo mota yakabatana kune zvese zvimwe tsamba yeruzivo tekinoroji, kusanganisira V pachinzvimbo chemota, X inomiririra chero chinhu kune ruzivo rwemota, kudyidzana pakati pemhando yeruzivo inosanganisira mota nemota (V2V) , pakati pemotokari nemugwagwa (V2I), motokari (V2P), uye pakati pevanhu uye pakati pemambure (V2N) nezvimwe zvakadaro.

V2X ine marudzi maviri ekutaurirana, DSRC (Dedicated short range communication) uye C-V2X (Cellular Vehicle Networking).DSRC yakasimudzirwa seyepamutemo chiyero neIEEE muna 2010, uye yakasimudzirwa zvakanyanya neUnited States.C-v2x ndiyo chiyero che3GPP uye iri kusundidzirwa neChina.C-v2x inosanganisira LTEV2X uye 5G-V2X, ine lT-V2X yakajairwa inoshanduka zvakanaka kusvika ku5G-V2X ine kuenderana kwakanaka kwekudzokera kumashure.C-v2x inopa akawanda mabhenefiti pamusoro peDSRC, kusanganisira tsigiro yekurebesa kutaurirana madaro, zvirinani zvisiri-mutsara-we-kuona kuita, kuvimbika kukuru, uye kugona kwepamusoro.Mukuwedzera, nepo 802.11p-based DSRC inoda nhamba huru yeRsus itsva (road-side units), C-V2X inobva pamikoko yenyuchi uye saka inogona kushandiswa zvakare nezvino 4G / 5G mitambo pamutengo wakaderera wekuwedzera.Muna Chikunguru 2020, 5G R16 yakajairwa ichave nechando.5G nekushanda kwayo kwakanakisa inogona kutsigira kushandiswa kwezviitiko zvakawanda zvetiweki zvakadai seV2V neV2I, uye teknolojia ye5G-V2X ichashandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti ikurumidze kugadzirwa kwezhaopin yakabatana motokari.

United States iri kufamba zviri pamutemo yakananga kuC-V2X.Musi wa8 Mbudzi 2020, iyo federal communications commission (FCC) yakafunga zviri pamutemo kugovera iyo yepamusoro 30MHz (5.895-5.925GHz) ye5.850-5.925GHz bhendi kune c-v2x.Izvi zvinoreva kuti DSRC, iyo yaifarira 75MHz spectrum chete kwemakore makumi maviri, yakasiiwa zvachose uye United States yachinja zviri pamutemo ku c-v2x.

Kupera kwepolicy kunobatsira kukurumidza kuvandudzwa kweInternet yemotokari.Muna 2018, Bazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji rakaburitsa Chirongwa Chekuita cheKukudziridzwa kweInternet yeMotokari (Yakangwara Uye Yakabatana Mota) Indasitiri, iyo yakaronga kuzadzisa chinangwa chekusimudzira indasitiri yeInternet yeMotokari mumatanho.Nhanho yekutanga ndeyekuzadzisa chiyero chekupinda kwevashandisi veInternet yeMotokari pamusoro pe30% ne2020, uye nhanho yechipiri mushure me2020. Dzakangwara dzakabatanidzwa mota dzine yakakwirira-yepamusoro nhanho yekutyaira mabasa uye 5G-V2X iri kushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma pamwero mukuru. muindasitiri yezvokutengeserana, kuwana hupamhi hwekubatana pakati pe "vanhu, motokari, migwagwa uye gore".Muna Kukadzi 2020, National Development and Reform Commission, pamwe neBazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji uye mamwe gumi nerimwe hushumiri nemakomisheni, vakabatana vakaburitsa Strategy for Innovative Development yeSmart Vehicles.Yakataura kuti panosvika 2025, lT-V2X uye mamwe mawaya ekutaurirana network achavharwa munzvimbo, uye 5G-V2X ichaiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kune mamwe masupamaketi nemigwagwa.Zvino, muna Kubvumbi 2021, Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development neBazi reIndasitiri neInformation Technology vakabatana vakapa chiziviso, vachizivisa maguta matanhatu, anosanganisira Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Changsha neWuxi, sechikamu chekutanga pilot maguta ekuvandudza kwekubatana kwe smart city infrastructure uye smart yakabatana mota.

Iko kushandiswa kwekutengesa kwe "5G + Internet yeMotokari" kwakatangwa.Musi waKubvumbi 19, 2021, China Mobile nemamwe mayuniti akawanda akabatana akaburitsa "WHITE Pepa pa5G Vehicle Networking Technology uye Testing" kuti ikurumidze kuitwa kwe5G mota networking application.5G ichapfumisa zvakanyanya masevhisi eruzivo, kufamba kwakachengeteka uye kugona kwemigwagwa yeInternet yeMotokari.Semuyenzaniso, zvichibva pamatatu akajairwa mamiriro eEMBB, uRLLC uye mMTC, inogona kupa ruzivo masevhisi akadai sepa-board AR/VR vhidhiyo yekufona, AR navigation uye mota yekugovana nguva yekurenda.Kutyaira kuchengetedza masevhisi akadai sekuona-chaiyo-nguva yekutyaira, kudzivirira kudhumhana kwevanofamba netsoka uye kudzivirira kubiwa kwemotokari, uye masevhisi ekushanda zvakanaka kwetraffic akadai sepanoramic synthesis, kugadzira kutyaira uye kugovera nzvimbo yekupaka.

2.2 Imba Yakangwara: Yekubatanidza chiyero Matter yakavambwa kusimudzira kuzadzikiswa kwehungwaru hweimba yese.

Mushure memakore akati wandei ebudiriro, China yakangwara imba indasitiri cheni yakanyatsojeka.Imba yakangwara inotora nzvimbo yekugara sepuratifomu, uye inobatanidza odhiyo nevhidhiyo, kuvhenekesa, air conditioning, chengetedzo uye zvimwe midziyo mumba kuburikidza neInternet yezvinhu tekinoroji, ichipa mabasa uye nzira dzakadai sekutonga nekutarisa.Iyo smart home industry chain inonyanya kupa Hardware uye yakabatana software.Iyo Hardware inosanganisira machipisi, masensa, PCB uye zvimwe zvikamu, pamwe nepakati zvikamu zvakaita semamodule ekutaurirana.Iwo epakati anosvika anonyanya kuumbwa nevashambadziri vemhinduro yekumba uye smart home single product suppliers;Kudzika kunopa vatengi zvese zviri zviviri online uye zvisiri pamhepo zvekutengesa uye ruzivo chiteshi, pamwe neakasiyana akangwara epamba mapuratifomu uye maapplication.

Kune akawanda akangwara edzimba terminal parizvino, akasiyana maitiro ekubatanidza uye chiyero chekubatanidza, hapana chakapfava chakareruka kushanda, ruzivo rwemushandisi rwematambudziko, senge mushandisi akasarudza zvine hungwaru zvigadzirwa zvemumba, kazhinji zviri kunze kwekudiwa kwekureruka, uye saka hwaro hwekubatana kwakabatana mwero uye yakakwirira inoenderana chikuva chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekukurumidza kusimudzira kwe smart indasitiri yeimba.

Smart imba iri mune yakangwara nhanho yekubatanidza.Kubva muna 1984, Kambani yeAmerican yakabatana sainzi uye tekinoroji inoshandura pfungwa yakangwara yekumba kuita chokwadi, yakavhura nyika kukwikwidzana kuvaka imba yakangwara yekutumira kubva ikozvino prolopreface.

Kazhinji, imba yakangwara inogona kukamurwa kuita nhanho nhatu: Smart Imba 1.0 idanho-yakatarisana nechigadzirwa chehungwaru nhanho yechigadzirwa chimwe chete.Iyi nhanho inonyanya kutarisisa kukwidziridzwa kweakangwara zvigadzirwa zvezvikamu zvakakamurwa, asi chimwe nechimwe chigadzirwa chakapararira uye ruzivo rwemushandisi hahuna kunaka;2.0 inzvimbo-yakatarisana yakabatana yakangwara nhanho.Parizvino, kuvandudzwa kweimba yakangwara kuri mune ino nhanho.Kuburikidza neInternet yezvinhu tekinoroji, kubatana pakati pezvishandiso zvakangwara zvinogona kuitika, uye seti izere yezvigadziriso zvemba zvakangwara zviri kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma;3.0 ichave chikamu chemushandisi-chakatarisana nechikamu chehungwaru hwakazara, apo sisitimu ichapa vashandisi mhinduro dzehungwaru dzakagadziridzwa, uye hungwaru hwekugadzira huchaita basa rakakosha, iro richava neshanduko yekudyidzana kweimba yakangwara.

Musi waChivabvu 11, 2021, iyo Matter protocol, yakabatana smart home standard, yakaburitswa.Matter is a new application layer protocol yakatangwa neCSA Connection Standards Alliance (yaimbova Zigbee Alliance).Iyo itsva IP-yakavakirwa yekubatanidza chiyero inongovimba neIPv6 protocol mune yekutakura layer kuti ienderane neakasiyana emuviri midhiya uye data link zviyero.Matter, yaimbozivikanwa seCHIP (Yakabatanidzwa Imba Pamusoro peIP), yakavambwa muna Zvita 2019 neAmazon, Apple, Google uye Zigbee Alliance.CHIP ine chinangwa chekugadzira nyowani smart Imba protocol yakavakirwa pane yakavhurika sosi ecosystem.Nyaya ine chinangwa chekugadzirisa kupatsanurwa kwazvino kwezvigadzirwa zvepamba zvakangwara.

Ichaperekedzwa nezvirongwa zvekutanga batch yeMatter certified product types uye smart home brands.Zvigadzirwa zvekutanga zveMatter, zvinosanganisira mwenje uye zvidzori, air conditioners uye thermostats, kukiya, chengetedzo, maketeni, magedhi, nezvimwe, zvinotarisirwa kurova pamusika pakupera kwegore rino, neCHIP protocol vatungamiriri vakaita seAmazon neGoogle, zvakare. seHuawei mumutsara.

Hongmeng OS inotarisirwa kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kweimba yakangwara.HarmonyOS 2.0, iyo ichaburitswa muna Chikumi 2021, inoshandisa tekinoroji iri pasi pesoftware kubatanidza zvishandiso.Zvishandiso zveSmart hazvingobatanidzi kune mumwe nemumwe, asi zvakare kushandira pamwe, zvichibvumira vashandisi kushandisa akawanda maturusi nyore seimwe, zvichikonzera zviri nani mushandisi ruzivo.Pamusangano wevatori venhau weHongmeng, Huawei akatarisana nekusimudzira Internet yezvinhu zvipenyu.Parizvino, vazhinji vevabatsiri vayo vachiri kutarisa kune yakangwara imba yemunda, uye kutora chikamu kwaHongmeng kunotarisirwa kusimudzira kukura kwayo nekukurumidza.

2.3 Zvishandiso zvine hungwaru zvinopfekwa: Zvishandiso zvevatengi zvekutengesa zvinotungamira mukusimudzira, ukuwo michina yekurapa yehunyanzvi ichibata

Iyo maindasitiri cheni yezvishandiso zvakangwara zvinopfekwa zvakakamurwa kuva kumusoro/pakati/kudzika.Hungwaru hunopfekeka hunoreva kupfekwa kwemasensa, kusanganisira zvese zvehungwaru zviitiko zvevanhu nezvinhu, uye ndima yayo yekushandisa inosanganisira chikamu cheInternet Yese yezvinhu.Bazi rezvishandiso zvine hungwaru zvinopfekeka zvinonyanya kutarisisa panjere dzevanhu zvigadziriso zvinopfekwa, izvo zvinonyanya hunyanzvi muchimiro che "kupfeka" uye "kupfeka" kwemuviri wemunhu.Iyo maindasitiri cheni yezvishandiso zvakangwara zvinopfeka zvakakamurwa kuva kumusoro/pakati/kudzika.Iyo kumusoro kwepamusoro inonyanya kuve software uye hardware suppliers.Iyo hardware inosanganisira machipisi, masensa, mamodule ekutaurirana, mabhatiri, mapaneru ekuratidzira, nezvimwe, nepo software ichinyanya kureva sisitimu yekushandisa.Iyo yepakati inosanganisira vagadziri vezvishandiso zvakangwara zvinopfekwa, izvo zvinogona kunyanya kukamurwa kuita zvekutengesa zvevatengi senge smart wachi / wristbands, smart magirazi uye nyanzvi yekurapa michina.Iyo yakadzika yeindastiri ketani inonyanya kusanganisira online / offline kutengesa nzira uye vashandisi vekupedzisira.

Mwero wekupinda wemidziyo yakangwara inopfeka inotarisirwa kuwedzera.Chirevo chekutevera cheIDC chinoratidza kuti mukota yekutanga ya2021, musika weChina unopfekeka musika waive 27.29 miriyoni mayunitsi, mukati mawo akangwara akapfeka echigadzirwa ekutakura aive 3.98 miriyoni mayunitsi, chiyero chekupinda chaive 14.6%, ichinyanya kuchengetedza avhareji yenzvimbo dzichangoburwa.Nekuenderera mberi kwekusimudzirwa kwekuvaka kwe5G, michina inopfeka yakangwara, seimwe yeakajairika maapplication, inotarisirwa kuwedzera kukura mukugadzirira kuenderera mberi kwekubuda kwekudzika kwekushandisa kweInternet yezvinhu.

Seyakajairwa kushandiswa kwemutengi IoT, vatengesi vevatengi vakangwara vanopfeka michina inotungamira mukusimudzira.Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zvevatengi zvekutengesa ndizvo zvigadzirwa zvemusika, zvinoverengera 80% yemugove wemusika (2020), kunyanya kusanganisira mawachi emaoko, mabhande emaoko, zvishongo uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotsigirwa nechanza, shangu, masokisi kana zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinopfekwa. pagumbo rinotsigirwa netsoka, uye magirazi, ngowani, mabhande emusoro uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotsigirwa nemusoro.Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zveizvi.Chekutanga, iyo hardware uye software inobatanidzwa zviri nyore.Tora iyo sensor, iyo inonyanya kukosha machira mune akangwara anopfekeka zvishandiso, semuenzaniso, iyo hardware sensor inoshandiswa mu smart wristband uye smart headset iri nyore kufamba / nharaunda / biosensor.Chechipiri, kushandiswa kwezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, zvigadziriswe zvakapfeka zvakanaka muhutano hwehutano, kufamba, social network, bhizinesi uye midhiya uye mamwe akawanda minda ane huwandu hwakawanda hwemashandisirwo ekushandisa;Chechitatu, ine pfungwa yakasimba yechiitiko uye kushamwaridzana.Semuyenzaniso, smartwatches inogona kuwana yakakosha data data nekuchengeta padyo neganda, uye yekutarisa maekisesaizi uye manejimendi ehutano anogona kuitwa zviri nyore uye nekukurumidza.Semuyenzaniso, magirazi eVR anogona kuona mafambiro ekutora uye kutevedzera gesture, uye kugadzira yakanaka chaiyo chiitiko pane ine shoma saiti kuti uwane inonyudza ruzivo.

Huwandu hwekuchembera huri kutyaira kusimudzira kwehunyanzvi hwekurapa giredhi smart wearable mudziyo musika.Sekureva kweNational Census yechinomwe, huwandu hwevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu zvichikwira vakaverengera 18.7 muzana yehuwandu hwenyika, uye huwandu hwevanhu vane makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu zvichikwira vakaverengera 13.5%, 5.44 uye 4.63 percent inokwira kupfuura zvakabuda muNational Census yechitanhatu, zvichiteerana. .China yatove munharaunda yevachembera, uye kudiwa kwekurapa kwevakweguru kwawedzera zvakanyanya, zvichiunza mikana kumusika wehunyanzvi hwekurapa giredhi rinopfekwa.Zvinotarisirwa kuti saizi yemusika weChina nyanzvi yekurapa giredhi yakangwara inopfeka mudziyo indasitiri ichasvika 33.6 bhiriyoni yuan panosvika 2025, nekukura kwechikamu che20.01% kubva 2021 kusvika 2025.

2.4 Yakanyatsobatanidzwa PCS: Telecommuting inoda inotarisirwa kutyaira mwero wekupinda wePCS yakabatana zvizere.

Yakanyatsobatanidzwa PC, komputa inogona kubatanidzwa neInternet "chero nguva, chero kupi".PC yakanyatsobatanidzwa inovaka isina waya yekutaurirana module kuita yechinyakare PC, ichigonesa "kubatana pakutanga" : vashandisi vanogona kumisa nhare dzeInternet masevhisi pavanotanga kekutanga, vachiwana nekukurumidza uye isina musono kubatana kweInternet, kunyangwe pasina WiFi.Parizvino, wireless communication modules inonyanya kushandiswa mumabhuku epamusoro ebhizinesi.

Denda iri rafambisa kudiwa kwekufonera, uye mwero wekupinda kwemamodule ekutaurirana unotarisirwa kuwedzera.Muna 2020, nekuda kwekukanganisa kwedenda, kushanda pamba, kudzidza pamhepo uye kudzoreredzwa kwevatengi, kutumira kwePC kwakakura zvakanyanya.Chirevo chekutevera cheIDC chinoratidza kuti kwese kwegore ra2020, musika wepasi rose wePC wekutumira uchakura pamwero wepagore we13.1%.Uye kuwedzera kwePC kudiwa kwaenderera mberi, nekutumirwa kwepasi rose kwePCS kwakasvika mamirioni makumi masere neshanu muchikamu chechipiri che2021, kukwira 13.2% kubva pagore rapfuura.Panguva imwecheteyo, kuda kwevanhu kwe "chero nguva uye chero kupi" hofisi zvishoma nezvishoma zvakabuda, zvichifambisa kuvandudzwa kwePC yakabatana zvizere.

Kupinda kwePCS yakabatana zvizere parizvino kuri padanho rakaderera, nekubhadharisa traffic chinhu chakakosha chinodzosera kumashure nharembozha pamalaptops.Mune ramangwana, nekugadziriswa kwemitengo yemigwagwa, kuvandudzwa kwe4G / 5G network deployment, chiyero chekupinda kwewireless communication modules muPCS inotarisirwa kuwedzera, uye kutumirwa kwePCS yakanyatsobatanidzwa inotarisirwa kuwedzera kuwedzera.

3. Kuongororwa kwemakambani ane hukama

Nekuwedzera kweiyo network yekukurukurirana uye zvimwe zvine chekuita nekuvaka zvivakwa, kudiwa kwema sensors, wireless communication modules, Internet yezvinhu zviteshi uye mamwe mahardware akawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.Sezvinotevera, isu tichazivisa akakodzera mabhizinesi mumaindasitiri akasiyana zvakadzama:

3.1 Kukurukurirana kure

Wireless yekukurukurirana module mutungamiri, yakadzika kurima module munda kwemakore gumi.Yuyuan Communications yakavambwa muna 2010. Mushure memakore gumi ebudiriro, yave iyo huru cellular module supplier muindasitiri, yakaunganidza hupfumi tekinoroji uye ruzivo, uye ine makwikwi mabhenefiti mukutengesa cheni, KUTSVAKA nekusimudzira, kugadzira, kutengesa, manejimendi uye zvakawanda. zvimwe zvinhu.Iyo kambani inonyanya kuita dhizaini, kugadzira, kutsvagisa uye kusimudzira uye kutengesa kweasina waya yekutaurirana modules uye mhinduro dzadzo mumunda weInternet weZvinhu.Zvigadzirwa zvayo zvinofukidza 2G/3G/LTE/5G/ NB-iot cellular modules, WiFi & BT modules, GNSS positioning modules uye marudzi akasiyana-siyana ema antenna anotsigira ma modules.Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukufambisa kwemotokari, simba rakangwara, kubhadhara pasina waya, kuchengetedzeka kwakangwara, guta rakangwara, gedhi risina waya, indasitiri yakangwara, hupenyu hwakangwara, kurima kwakangwara uye mamwe akawanda minda.

Mari inowanikwa uye purofiti yakaramba ichikura.Muna 2020, mari yegore rekushanda yekambani yaive 6.106 bhiriyoni yuan, yakakwira 47.85% gore negore;Returnee net purofiti yaive 189 miriyoni yuan, yakakwira 27.71% gore pagore.Muchikamu chekutanga cha2021, mari yekushanda kwekambani yaive 1.856 bhiriyoni yuan, yakakwira 80.28% gore pagore;Iyo mambure purofiti yaive 61 miriyoni yuan, yakakwira 78.43% gore pagore.Kukura kwemari yekushanda kwekambani kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kweLTE, LTEA-A, LPWA uye 5G module bhizinesi vhoriyamu.Muna 2020, yekambani isina waya yekutaurirana module kutumira yakapfuura mamirioni zana zvimedu.

Tichachengeta mwero wepamusoro we r&d investimendi yekupinza simba mubudiriro inoenderera.Muna 2020, mari yeR&D yekambani yakasvika 707 miriyoni yuan, nekukura-pagore kwe 95.41%.Kuwedzera kwakanyanya kunobva mukuwedzera kwemuripo, kudzikira uye kudyara kwakananga, pakati peiyo muripo wevashandi wakaverengera 73.27% yemari yeR&D.Muna 2020, kambani yakamisa muzinda weR&D muFoshan, kusvika parizvino kambani iyi ine nzvimbo shanu dzer&d muShanghai, Hefei, Foshan, Belgrade neVancouver.Iyo kambani ine vanopfuura 2000 r & D vashandi, kuti kambani irambe ichichengetera uye kutanga inoenderana nemusika kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva kupa simba rekuchengetedza.

Ongorora segmentation mamiriro kuti uwane akawanda-dimensional bhizinesi purofiti.Muna 2020, kambani yakatanga huwandu hwemotokari-level 5G module mapurojekiti, uye huwandu hwemotokari-yepamberi yekuisa bhizinesi yakawedzera zvakanyanya.Iyo yakapa masevhisi kune vanopfuura makumi matanhatu Tier1 vatengesi uye anopfuura makumi matatu ane mukurumbira pasi rose maoems.Pamusoro peiyo isina waya yekutaurirana module, kambani yakawedzerawo EVB bvunzo bhodhi, antenna, gore chikuva uye mamwe masevhisi, pakati peiyo iyo Internet yezvinhu cloud platform ndiyo yekambani yekutsvagisa nekusimudzira, kuitira kubatsira vatengi kuwana magumo- ku-kugumisa bhizinesi mamiriro nenzira iri nyore uye inoshanda.

Yakakura uye 3.2

Iyo inotungamira pasi rose yeInternet yezvinhu isina waya yekutaurirana mhinduro uye isina waya module mupi.Fibocom yakavambwa muna 1999 uye yakanyorwa paShenzhen Stock Exchange muna 2017, ikava kambani yekutanga kunyorwa muindasitiri yeChina isina waya yekutaurirana module.Iyo kambani inozvimiririra inovandudza uye inogadzira yepamusoro-inoshanda 5G/4G/LTE Katsi 1/3G/2G/ NB-iot / LTE Katsi M/ Android yakangwara/yemotokari-yemotokari-level isina waya yekutaurirana modules, uye inopa kupera-ku-kumagumo Internet isina waya kutaurirana. mhinduro dzevanoshandisa telecom, vagadziri vemidziyo yeIoT uye IoT system integrators.Mushure memakore anopfuura makumi maviri ekuunganidzwa kweM2M uye iot tekinoroji, kambani yakakwanisa kupa iot kutaurirana mhinduro uye yakagadziridzwa mhinduro kune dzinenge dzese maindasitiri akamira.

Mari yacho yakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma uye bhizinesi remhiri kwemakungwa rakakura nekukurumidza.Muna 2020, mari yekushanda kwekambani yaive 2.744 bhiriyoni yuan, yakakwira 43.26% gore pagore;Mari yekuwana yaive 284 miriyoni yuan, yakakwira 66.76% gore pagore.Muna 2020, bhizinesi rekunze rekambani rakakura nekukurumidza, richiwana mari ye1.87 bhiriyoni yuan, kuwedzera-pagore kwe61.37%, chikamu chemari chakawedzera kubva pa60.52% muna 2019 kusvika 68.17%.Muchikamu chekutanga cha2021, mari yekushanda kwekambani yaive 860 miriyoni yuan, yakakwira 65.03% gore pagore;Mari yekudzoka kumusha yaive 80 miriyoni yuan, yakakwira 54.35% gore pagore.

Zvigadzirwa zvekambani zvinosanganisira M2M/MI minda miviri.M2M inosanganisira kubhadhara nhare, Indaneti yemotokari, smart grid, kuchengetedza kuchengetedza, nezvimwewo. MI inosanganisira tablet, notebook, e-book uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvevatengi.Muna 2014, kambani yakagamuchira hurongwa hwekutsvaga mari kubva kuIntel, uye nokudaro yakapinda mumunda wemakombiyuta emabhuku.Yakagadzira hukama hwakanaka hwekushandira pamwe nemabhizinesi anotungamira akadai seLenovo, HP, Dell uye zvichingodaro, zvine mukana wekutanga wekufambisa.Muna 2020, denda rakakonzera kubuda kwekudiwa kwenharembozha uye kuwedzera kukuru kwekutakura malaptop.Mune ramangwana, denda richava nekukanganisa kwenguva refu pabasa nehupenyu, saka bhizinesi reMI rekambani rinotarisirwa kuramba richikura.Muna Chikunguru 2020, kambani yakawana midziyo yeSierra Wireless yepasirese mota yekurodha module bhizinesi kuburikidza nerubatsiro rwese-yakazara yeRuling Wireless, uye nekushingaira yakatanga hurongwa hwepasi rose hwemusika wekurodha mota.Musi waChikunguru 12, 2021, Kambani yakapa "Chirongwa Chekupa Zvikamu uye Kubhadhara mari yekutenga Assets uye Kusimudza Mari Yekutsigira", ichironga kuwana 51% yeRuiling Wireless, kuziva kubata-kwakazara kweRuiling Wireless, uye kuwedzera kuwedzera kupinda mumusika wekambani mumunda weInternet yeMotokari.

3.3 Enda kune kutaurirana

Yakadzika yakarimwa kwemakumi emakore mumunda weInternet yezvinhu terminal mutungamiri.Move for communication yakavambwa muna 2009, iro bhizinesi guru reiyo iot terminal yekutsvagisa uye kusimudzira uye kutengesa bhizinesi, zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukutungamira kwemotokari, nharembozha track yezvinhu manejimendi, kutaurirana kwevanhu pamwe chete neminda ina mikuru yekutarisa kwemhuka, ipa kune mutengi, kusanganisira zvekufambisa, smart mobile, huchenjeri ranch, hungwaru kubatana, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemhinduro.

Mushure mekuputika kwadzikira, mari yekambani & inodzosa purofiti inotora.Muna 2020, kambani yakawana mari yekushandisa ye473 miriyoni yuan, pasi ne24.91% gore pagore;Yayo mambure purofiti yaive 90.47 miriyoni yuan, pasi 44.25% gore pagore.Muchikamu chekutanga cha2021, mari yekushandisa yaive 153 miriyoni yuan, yakakwira 58.09% gore pagore;Mubairo wemuridzi wemba wakasvika 24.73 miriyoni yuan, kumusoro 28.65% gore negore.Bhizinesi rekambani rakanyura mumusika wemhiri kwemakungwa, uye mari yekunze yakaverengera 88.06% muna 2020. Pakati pavo, North America neSouth America, matunhu makuru ekutengesa, akakanganiswa zvakanyanya nedenda, iro rakakanganisa kushanda kwekambani.Zvisinei, nekudzora denda iri pamba uye zvishoma nezvishoma kutangazve basa nekugadzirwa munyika dziri mhiri kwemakungwa, maodha ekutengesa ekambani akawedzera zvakanyanya uye mamiriro ebhizinesi ayo akavandudzwa.

Shingairira pamisika yepasi rose neyemunyika.Munyika yose, kambani yave mutungamiri mumunda wezvigadzirwa zvekutevera mhuka mumusika weAustralia, uye yakagadzira misika inosanganisira Europe, South America, North America neAfrica.Kune zvigadzirwa zvekuteedzera mhuka, kambani yakatanga e-commerce chikuva, iyo isina kungovandudza iyo yese bhizinesi kutenderera, asi zvakare zvinobudirira kudzikisa kukanganisa kwedenda mukusimudzira bhizinesi.KuChina, muna Kurume 2021, kambani yakabudirira kuhwina bhidhi reInternet yeZvinhu label kuverenga (yakagadziriswa, yakabatwa ruoko) chirongwa chekutenga cheChina Construction Bank Co., LTD., zvichiratidza kuti kambani iyi yakagadzira zvishoma nezvishoma ruzivo rwayo misika yemumba.

3.4 inobuda

Iyo kambani ndiyo inotungamira pasirese smart city iot zvigadzirwa uye masevhisi anopa.Gao Xinxing yakavambwa muna 1997 uye yakanyorwa paGrowth Enterprise Market muna 2010. Iyo kambani yakazvipira kutsvaga nekugadzira zvigadzirwa uye matekinoroji ane chekuita nekuona, kubatana uye chikuva chepuratifomu zvichienderana neArchitecture yeInternet yezvinhu.Kutanga kubva mukushandiswa kweiyo yakadzika Internet yeZvinhu indasitiri, zvichibva pane yakajairika isina waya yekutaurirana tekinoroji uye UHF RFID tekinoroji, kambani yakaona yakatwasuka yekubatanidza zano marongero e "terminal + application" yeInternet yezvinhu.Iyo kambani inotarisa kune yakatwasuka application minda senge Internet yemotokari, hungwaru hwekufambisa uye ruzivo rwekuchengetedzwa kweveruzhinji, uye ine mhinduro dzakawanda senge cloud data, kuchengetedzwa kwekutaurirana, smart finance, smart new police, simba Internet yezvinhu, smart city, smart railway, smart itsva traffic management uye vhidhiyo gore.

Iyo macro nharaunda uye kusagadzikana kwemusika kwakakonzera kudzikira kwemari.Muna 2020, kambani yakawana mari yekushandisa ye2.326 bhiriyoni yuan, yakaderera 13.63% gore pagore;Mubairo kumubereki - 1.103 bhiriyoni yuan.Muchikamu chekutanga cha2021, kambani yakawana mari yekushandisa inosvika 390 miriyoni yuan uye net profit ye ​​-56.42 miriyoni yuan, isina kushanduka kubva panguva imwecheteyo gore rapfuura.Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwehondo yekutengeserana pakati peChina neUnited States uye nekubuda kweCCIDID-19 mhiri kwemakungwa, izvo zvakakanganisa bhizinesi rekambani mhiri kwemakungwa muna 2020.

Master musimboti matekinoroji eInternet Yezvinhu uye vhidhiyo yekunyepedzera kungwara.Iyo kambani ine yakazara yakazara Internet yezvinhu zvisina waya yekutaurirana tekinoroji inovhara akasiyana siyana ekutaurirana network masisitimu, zvigadzirwa munzvimbo inotungamira yekumba, uye kuburikidza neEurope, United States, Japan, Australia nedzimwe nyika certification.Pamusoro pezvo, kambani iyi zvakare ine Internet yemotokari tekinoroji, UHF RFID tekinoroji, data hombe uye artificial intelligence tekinoroji, AR tekinoroji uye humwe hunyanzvi.Pakazosvika gore ra2020, kambani nevatsigiri vayo vane magwaro anodarika chiuru nemazana maviri akaiswa patents uye anopfuura chiuru nemazana maviri esoftware Copyrights, ane mukurumbira uye kukosha kwemusika.